In contrast, the sample size weighting of patients without RD was smaller in the Val-HeFT25 (19.5%) than in the ATMOSPHERE26 (32.6%) study (Figure 3(b)). Interestingly, Eliglustat tartrate the CHARM-Added study, which investigated dual blockade with an ARB (candesartan) and ACEIs in patients with HF, also found a benefit in terms of CV death or HF hospitalization (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75C0.96; em p /em =0.01).27 Among patients whose treatment consisted of candesartan combined with ACEIs, 55% were also using a beta-blocker and 17.4% a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist at baseline. renal dysfunction: Systematic review and meta-analysis supplemantary_material.pdf (533K) GUID:?1EB5BBD1-3F03-4F73-B40C-EA6B5E9A01AA Supplemental material, supplemantary_material for Effects of dual blockade in heart failure and renal dysfunction: Systematic review and meta-analysis by Alessandra Rodrigues Silva, Alexandre Goes Martini, Graziela De Luca Canto, Eliete Neves da Silva Guerra and Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves in Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Abstract Objective: The effect of dual reninCangiotensin system (RAS) inhibition in heart failure (HF) is still controversial. Systematic reviews have shown that dual RAS blockade may reduce mortality and hospitalizations, yet it has been associated with the increased risk of renal dysfunction (RD). Surprisingly, although RD in patients with HF is frequent, the effect of combining RAS inhibitors in HF patients with RD has never been studied in a meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials involving HF patients with RD who received dual blockade analyzing death, cardiovascular (CV) death or HF hospitalization, and adverse events. Results: Out of 2258 screened articles, 12 studies were included (34,131 patients). Compared with monotherapy, dual RAS inhibition reduced hazard ratio of death to 0.94 ((months)receptor antagonists (%)+ ACEi or ARB(99)94.095.033.034.0 2.0 mg/dLARIANA-CHF-RD,20151839Adverse Events6.139 (100)or ARB (100)Aliskiren+ ACEi or ARB(100)92.086.052.028.6 30 mL/min/or ARB (100)Aliskiren+ ACEi or ARB(99)96.095.029.024.0 30 mL/min/CV death orHF rehospitalizationor ARB (83.6)Aliskiren+ ACEi or ARB(84.9)81.783.455.458.6 40 mL/min/CV death+ Enalapril(100)92.091.936.637.8 40 mL/min/or HF(100)55.055.917.416.9? 3 mg/dLRESOLVD, 199941768Adverse Events10.8Enalapril (100)Candesartan +Enalapril(100)13.023.0SUPPORT, 2015241147Death(81)Olmesartan + ACEi70.173.326.326.9? 3 mg/dLVal-HeFT,+ ACEi (92.6)34.535.35.04.9 2.5 mg/dLVALIANT, 20034014703Death24.74862 (33)CaptoprilValsartan +Captopril70.470.1 2.5 mg/dLV-HeFT study, 19993883Adverse Events1.38ACEi (71.4)ACEi (76.5)+ACEi(100)95.192.34044 Open in a separate window We first performed a meta-analysis of patients with HF independently of the renal functions on death, CV death or HF hospitalization and adverse events such as renal impairment, hyperkalemia, and hypotension, besides the discontinuation of the therapy. Some studies did not have group data comparing outcomes between patients with and without RD. Risk of bias A graph and summary of study quality are presented in supplementary Figure S1. To evaluate the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations, we used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) (Supplementary Table S3). Our result suggests that the vast majority of the studies were graded as having a low risk of bias. Death Initially, we performed a meta-analysis examining rates of death among the overall HF population. We observed that, in comparison with monotherapy, combined RAS inhibition had a trend toward a lower death rate, though this difference was not significant ( em p /em =0.07; Figure 2(a)). Subsequently, we compared death rates between patients with RD (eGFR 60 ml/min/1.73m2) Eliglustat tartrate and without RD (eGFR ?60 ml/min/1.73m2) in only the Val-HeFT25 and ATMOSPHERE26 studies. This analysis did not reveal a significant difference in death rates between patients with and without RD, and the total effect was not significant (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.86C1.02; em p /em =0.16; Figure 2(b)). Open in a separate window Figure 2. (a) Meta-analysis of death with the total shows HR 0.94 (0.89, 1.00C1.01), the heterogeneity test: Chi2=5.83, df=6 ( em p /em =0.44); em I /em 2=0%; Test for overall treatment effect: em Z /em =1.82 ( em p /em =0.07). (b) Meta-analysis of death with the subgroups according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).The total shows the HR 0.94 (0.86C1.02), the heterogeneity test: Chi2=1.24, df=3 ( em p /em =0.74); em I /em 2=0%; Test for overall treatment effect: em Z /em =1.41 ( em p /em =0.16); Test for difference between subgroups: Chi2=1.07, df=1 ( em p /em =0.30); em I /em 2=6.9%. CV death and hospitalization due to HF The studies ASTRONAUT,17 ATMOSPHERE,26 CHARM-Added,27 and Val-HeFT25 reported the results for the outcome of CV death or HF hospitalization. However, only ASTRONAUT,17 ATMOSPHERE,26 and Val-HeFT25 stratify patients by eGFR. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that, when compared with monotherapy, dual blockade reduced the risk of Serpine1 CV death or HF hospitalization by 12% ( em p /em 0.0001) (Figure 3(a)). Interestingly, the benefit of a dual blockade was similar between patients with and Eliglustat tartrate without RD (11%; em p /em =0.0006). Specifically, the risk of CV death or HF hospitalization in patients with and without RD was decreased by 14% and 9%, respectively (test for subgroup differences, em p /em =0.44). Furthermore, tests for heterogeneity in our Eliglustat tartrate meta-analysis suggested adequate homogeneity between the included studies (Chi2=7.43; df=5; em p /em =0.19; em I /em 2=33%). Open in a separate window Figure 3. (a) Meta-analysis of cardiovascular (CV) death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization. The total shows the HR 0.88 (0.83C0.93), the heterogeneity test; Chi2=3.23, df=3, ( em p /em =0.36); em I /em 2=7%; Test for overall treatment effect: em Z /em =4.41 ( em p /em 0.0001); (b) Meta- analysis of cardiovascular (CV) death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization with the Eliglustat tartrate subgroups accordings to eGFR. The total shows the HR 0.89 (0.83C0.95), the heterogeneity test; Chi2=0.59, df=1, ( em p /em =0.44); em I /em 2=0%. The name and year of the studies.