Positive affinity and varied solvent accessibility will create negative impacts on the vaccine and diagnostic test development. expected 9-mer (e.g., GAEGFNCYF epitope) in which the MHC I can bind effectively to the mutant strain. Positive affinity and varied solvent accessibility will create negative impacts on the vaccine and diagnostic test development. In a recent study, the multi-epitope vaccine designed using DeepVacPred software effectively binds for mutant strain [36]. Although carefully selected therapeutic cocktails will offer greater resistance to SARS-CoV-2 escape, this identified mAbs will significantly help in the preclinical evaluation and development of immune therapeutics to be used against COVID-19 in humans [37]. Since mutations bring about changes only in the spike protein structure without any differences in the ACE2 receptor moiety, it is predicted that vaccines developed to bring around humans immunogenicity in fighting the virus cannot be affected by, except if there are any aggressive mutations. The V483A has not been reported as an aggressive mutation, although it is one of the most important mutations after the D614G mutation [21]. In any case, exploring the complete nature of the virus along with each of its mutant strains has always been of paramount importance in designing an effective vaccine and for meaningful therapeutic treatments [7]. A list of protein-based vaccines currently undergoing clinical trial has been given in the table below (Table?3). Table 3. List of vaccines under clinical trials for vaccine development of COVID-19. thead valign=”top” th align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Vaccine candidate /th th align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Vaccine platform /th th align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Developer/manufacturer/country /th th align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Expected outcomes/results /th /thead ChAdOx1-S (AZD1222)Nonreplicating viral vectorUniversity of Oxford/AstraZeneca/UKEnhance the immune response Rabbit Polyclonal to NMBR against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which will restrict the entry of the virus to a human cell and prevent the infectionLNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA-1273)RNAModerna/NIAID/USABlock spike protein binding ability with ACE2, as well stopped its consequences and proliferationAdenovirus type 5 vector (Ad5-nCoV)Nonreplicating viral vectorCanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology/ChinaIt can neutralize RBD-specific ELISA antibody response to control the deadly virusAdjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer)Protein subunitAnhui Ruxolitinib sulfate Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ChinaThe RBD is essential for immune response. Therefore it is an attractive target vaccine, and RBD-dimer restricts binding with receptors and controls its interferenceDNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation (INO-4800)DNAInovio Pharmaceuticals/International Vaccine Institute/South KoreaIt can block the host cells spike protein and ACE2 receptor by neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 infection and can work against mutant variant Ruxolitinib sulfate D614Ad26COVS1Nonreplicating viral vectorJanssen Pharmaceutical Companies/USA and BelgiumEffectively neutralize the antibody and enhanced immune response against SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein and stop interaction between the host cells glycoprotein and ACE2 receptorRBD basedProtein subunitKentucky Bioprocessing, Inc/USAInitiate antibodies to prevent binding of the subunit (S1/S2) with the receptor and later regulate the membrane fusion to restrain the virus infectionNative like trimeric subunit spike protein vaccine (SCB-2019)Protein subunitClover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax/Australia?Recombinant spike protein with Advax? adjuvantProtein subunitVaxine Pty Ltd/Medytox/Australia?Molecular clamp stabilized spike protein with Ruxolitinib sulfate MF59 adjuvantProtein subunitUniversity of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus/Australia?S-2P protein?+?CpG 1018Protein subunitMedigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation/NIAID/Dynavax/USA?Full-length recombinant SARS CoV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with matrix MProtein subunitNovavax/USAHighly immunogenic response with specific antibodies that can deactivate the spike proteins binding capability with receptor present in the human cell and neutralize the antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type virus and restrict its domain activity Open in a separate window RBD: Receptor-binding domain. Data taken from [38]. Conclusion The V483A mutation represents one of the major emerging mutations of the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis. We found that significant attention has been given by various researchers globally to this particular variant. Data from high-quality research works were coordinated and critically reviewed in all sections of this review. Evidence from different researchers worldwide shows that the next emerging mutation after D614G can severely enhance the infection rate. V483A is not directly related to the virusChost cell interaction, but it can improve the proteinCprotein complexs binding stability and binding capacity. We observed that the V483A.